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FORM IMPLEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING

 FORM IMPLEMENTS IN ORGANIC FARMING


It takes 1000 years to create one inch of 'top soil. Healthy soil is the cornerstone of life.

The look and feel of a soil is termed as Soil Texture and is determined by the size and type of particles that make up the soil. It is an indication of the relative content of particles of various sizes, such as sand, silt and clay in the soil. Structure of the soil describes the arrangement of the solid parts of the soil and of the pore space located between them. Tillage is the physical manipulation of soil with tools & the tilling of land for the cultivation of crop plants Le. the working of the surface soil for bringing about conditions favorable for rising of crop plants Le. obtaining conditions ideal for seed germination, seedling establishment and growth of the crop plants. Through plowing, tillage of the soil is managed to make it more suitable for seed germination & root growth.


Soil is plowed to open up the top soil for seed sowing. Top soil is 2 inches thick where as seeds are sown at a depth from 0.5 cm to 2.5 cm. In case of transplanting, the root dept of seedlings may be up to 10 cm, which means up to 15 cm depth opening of soil is required while preparing depth according to the purpose Le. seed sowing or seedling transplanting.


Use of right kind of implements in organic farming is of utmost importance to maintain physical status Le. texture & structure of the soil (Table 1). Therefore selection of the implements has to be according to soil characteristics. Wrong kind of implement will do irreparable


1. Mould Board Plow: This plow is used for opening up the soil, when soil is without weeds or plant debris in the plot. This plow scratch opens the soil without disturbing the soil structure & texture





2. Disc Plow: This plow is used for opening up the soil when sol is covered with grasses, weeds or plant debris or green manure crop. This plow cut opens the soil by turning down grasses, weeds or plant debris or green manure crop in to the soil the without disturbing its structure & texture.





3. Hoe/Harrow: This plow is used for inter culture operations, turning up the soil etc. This plow scratch opens the soil to loosen & allow aeration in the soil.




These three kinds of plows are basic implements for land preparation in an organic soil. Either of the first two or both are required to be used for primary tillage. Leveling is done by a simple implement which is also drawn by a pair of bullocks.


Conventional farming resulted in to soil compaction due to tractors in plowing. Therefore, size of plow & tractor both increasing...in an effort to turn up the soil ruthlessly deeper & deeper.


Rotavator: It is a powerful machine, very fondly used by farmers to break up, churn & aerate the soil. It uses a set of blades or rotors which spin and break through the soil to improve drainage level the area & loosen the soil to "perfect" condition for crop cultivation.



In reality, it damages the soil structure & texture beyond repair. Its blades do exactly similar action just like Kitchen Grinder; both does hitting cutting breaking making powder of the stuff coming in between its blades. Difference is the orientation of the blades in the Rotavator is horizontal whereas it is vertical in the Kitchen Grinder.


Continuous use of Rotavator creates more clay particles which settle down below in the soil profile; thus making a 'hard pan' of clay layer which becomes impermeable like cement, hence prevents percolation of water through the soil. This leads to water logging during rainy days & drastically reduces recharging of ground water. Ultimately water table goes down due to excess mining of water through bore wells for irrigation.


Once, my farmer friend from NOIDA, Mr. Sanjay Bhalla who is an Engineer turned Organic farmer, had asked me the most suitable & best method for plowing land in his organic farm. I advised him to use bullock plow. He asked me, 50 acres with bullocks?? I asked him. counter question, how farmers were plowing land 50 years back???

Since then he is plowing land with bullocks. Sanjay expressed his experience in the following word...

"Organic Farming reaches another dimension with Bullock plowing & continuous use of Dung & Urine in the Fields... I am seeing amazing results..."

                             🚜⛏️

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